DIGITAL SYSTEMS ENGINEERING IS AN INTERDISCIPLINARY FIELD OF ENGINEERING AND ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT THAT FOCUSES ON HOW TO DESIGN, INTEGRATE, AND MANAGE COMPLEX DIGITAL SYSTEMS OVER THEIR LIFE CYCLES. AT ITS CORE, SYSTEMS ENGINEERING UTILIZES SYSTEMS THINKING PRINCIPLES TO ORGANIZE THIS BODY OF KNOWLEDGE. THE INDIVIDUAL OUTCOME OF SUCH EFFORTS, AN ENGINEERED SYSTEM, CAN BE DEFINED AS A COMBINATION OF COMPONENTS THAT WORK IN SYNERGY TO COLLECTIVELY PERFORM A USEFUL FUNCTION.